Author: Martin Burghoff;
Ttitle:
The Human Biomagnetic Field-Measurement
and Diagnostic Application
ABSTRACT
Many processes in the human body are associated with bioelectric currents. Examples are activation of muscles, stimulus propagation in nerves and signal processing in the brain. These currents create biomagnetic fields which can be measured non-invasively. These magnetic fields are very weak and can be measured only with extremely sensitive magnetic sensors. Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQID) are able to record magnetic fields down to the fT-range and with a time resolution of 1 ms and better. To exclude external magnetic disturbances which are some orders larger than biomagnetic fields, magnetically shielded rooms consisting of mumetal layers can be used. The paper will give an introduction into the equipment necessary for biomagnetic recording as well as into the tools for signal processing to estimate the parameters of the current flowing in the body. The utility of the biomagnetic method will be demonstrated by the example of the detection of action currents propagating in peripheral nerves.
Author: Jakub Radliński;
Ttitle:
Introduction to investigation of breathing troubles during
sleep
ABSTRACT
The paper treats the matter of typical breathing troubles during sleep, afflictions connected with them, their treatment and most of all – diagnostics. The description of the troubles is preceded with introduction to the sleep physiology. Fundamental methods of polisomnographic investigations, their policlinical variants as well as possible directions of their development are presented.
Author: Jacek Waniewski;
Ttitle: Mathematical models for water and substances transport in dialysis therapy
ABSTRACT
Renal replacement therapy involves – among others - the control of body water and electrolytes resources, as well as removal of small metabolites (urea, creatinine). The correct estimation of "the dose of therapy" and optimization of the procedure needs estimation of water and substances transport during dialysis as well as evaluation of the distribution and exchange of water and substances within the body. Mathematical models can combine the general physiological knowledge with information about individual patients yielded by clinical measurements. Many of these models (urea model, sodium model, models of peritoneal transport) have been presented to the community of clinical nephrologists in the form of computer programs often supplemented with on-line measuring devices. However, the debate about their meaning and the search for better methods of their application are still carried on.
Author: Adam G. Polak, Łukasz Adamusiak, Janusz Mroczka;
Ttitle: Influence of airducts compliance upon measurement of lungs properties measurement by technique of forced oscillations
ABSTRACT
Analysis of measurements of the DuBois model parameters by forced oscillations technique shows underestimation of respiratory tissues compliance compared to the results of other techniques. One of reasons may be the lack of airducts compliance (Caw) in the model. We have analysed estimation of the DuBois model parameters from data generated by a similar model, extended with Caw. The results show that airducts compliance may cause errors of tissue compliance measurement up to 20%, however this property cannot explain entirely underestimation of the parameters measured with technique of forced oscillations.
Author: Piotr Piwowar;
Ttitle: Application of negative pressure impulse method for diagnosis of human respiratory system malfunction
ABSTRACT
One of syndromes of pathological changes in respiratory system is significant change of its mechanical parameters, such as respiratory drags and compliance.The paper presents results of the experiments directed for usability evaluation of the negative pressure pulse method for diagnosis of pathological changes in the human respiratory system. The identification has been performed with the six element model by the time domain method for the healthy patient and patient with the malfunction of respiratory system. This method is based on measurement and analysis of the breathing flow during artificially caused transient states. These transient states are caused by short-time negative pulses, which are generated at the outlet of the patient’s airducts.
Author: Ireneusz Jabłoński, Janusz Mroczka;
Ttitle: Some remarks on nonlinear dynamics, modelling and medicla measurements in example of respiratory system
ABSTRACT
The paper presents problems of modelling and measurements in medical sciences in the context of dynamical systems theory. Using the time series of Vl, representing changes of lung volume, generated in a model of respiration during spontaneous ventilation as well as vagotomy, conducted an attempt has been to analysis of respiratory system nonlinear dynamics. The paper is an introduction to essential investigations in the given research area.
Author: Krzysztof Duda;
Ttitle: Fragile, reversible water-marks for biomedical images
ABSTRACT
In the paper a new method for fragile and reversible water-marks is proposed and verified for biomedical images. The method is fully reversible i.e. the decoder is able to remove water-mark from the host image and restore original image. Water-mark insertion proceed in the integer wavelet transform domain with the use of arithmetic encoder. The water-mark consists of 256 bits generated by SHA-256 function. The main feature of presented method is image authentification although it can be also used for additional functionalities (like sending confidential or usable informations).
Author: Leszek Nosiadek, Przemysław Korohoda;
Ttitle: Model parameters optimization of the human lower limbs muscles action during final phase of jump-down
ABSTRACT
The authors describe a computational experiment based upon a measurement, which provided numerical data for modelling of dynamic processes during the final phase of a jump - down. 40 persons were jumping from 0.25m, 0.50m, 0.75m and 1.00m, and resulting time dependent vertical force values have been recorded. Standard time courses, obtained after averaging, served as a target for optimization with Nelder-Mead procedure, while using the one-element model simulating the work of the lower human limbs muscles. Initially, the computations were performed for the whole time period treated as one interval, and three optimization criteria were compared. Then, the optimization was performed with the first part of the landing time divided into smaller subintervals, while the second part remained in the form of one interval. Finally, the time dependent model parameters, elasticity and damping coefficients, were computed and they are presented in the form of graphs. The obtained results encourage further problem investigation in the indicated direction, especially for precise analysis of the work of muscles during jump - down final phase.
Author: Zbigniew Watral, Janusz Płomiński, Jan Sienkiewicz, Zenon Komorek;
ABSTRACT
In the paper presents the experimental results of mechanical studies of tampered, frozen bone grafts as the function of applied weight load in different cycles. The researches were aimed at the analysis of the tampering process in near-to-clinical conditions and determination of applied force parameters influence on tampering quality of bone grafts. Researches were conducted in static and dynamic conditions on the stand equipped with INSTRON 8501 machine. The extent of developing deformations has been determined depending on the value and character of the applied force.
Author: Artur Stępień, Jolanta Pawlus, Elżbieta Nowak, Jan Kulka, Jan Giełżecki, Otakar Kraft, Tomasz Puto, Grzegorz Klauz;
Ttitle: Comparison of the radioisotopic and thermograpic techniques in imaging of bone-joint system affections
ABSTRACT
Osteothrophic
scintigraphy is one of the most widely used and admitted techniques
for visualization of bone system affections. Thermography may
constitute a valuable complement for scintigraphic method. The
purpose of this study was comparison both of these diagnostic methods
in condition of clinical hospital work.
Materials and methods: Osteothrophic scintigraphy and thermography in 38 patients (24 females, 14 males), mean age 54, has been performed.
Osteotrophic scintigraphy
Imaging after 2 hours post intravenous injection of 99mTc-Medronate II Agent (Amersham) using digital gamma camera X Ring (Mediso) has been obtained.
Thermography
In studies camera ThermaCAM S60 (FLIR SYSTEM) has been used. As the infrared radiation detector an array 320 x 240 uncooled microbolometers with thermal resolution - 0.08 0C (for 30 0C) has served.
Results: For all patients osteothrophic scintigraphy revealed troubles in accumulation of the marking substance in the bone system. In thermography abnormality of temperature distribution for 84.2% patients have observed.
Increased accumulation of the radiopharmaceutic in tissues involving pathological processes in 100% patients were found out. Thermography reveals hyperthermic lesions in 73.7% and hypothermic lesions in 10.5% patients.
Conclusions: Comparison of scintigraphy and thermography imaging has shown advantages and disadvantages of these both techniques. Although, osteothropic specificity of scintigraphy results in significant predominance over thermography, advantages of the thermical vizualisation allow acknowledging thermography as a valuable, complementary method. Thermography can be applied very often, without any limitations, even to children and pregnant women. However, high cost of thermo camera in relation to diagnostic advantages limits general application of this diagnostic technique.
Author: Jerzy Zając, Elżbieta Banaś, Grzegorz Zaremba, Piotr Machalica;
Ttitle: Densitometric system for radiographic evaluation of bone forming process DENSY 2004 – description and application
ABSTRACT
The paper describes an automatic system for examinations of children bone forming elaborated at Industrial Institute of Electronics co-operating with specialist from the Children’s Memorial Health Institute. The system analyses standard pictures of second metacarpal bones and special aluminum pattern. The pattern enables calibration of X-ray absorption in examined bone and precise measurement of its geometrical characteristic. Additionally the system is integrated with database for results archiving and easy access to results of previous tests. This paper presents application test of this system as well as possibilities of diagnostic applications. System testing was carried on in the Pediatric Clinic of the Children’s Memorial Health Institute.
Author: Mirosław Werszko,
Jacek Kosek;
Ttitle:
Problems
of non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement
ABSTRACT
Primary problems of non-invasive continuous arterial blood pressure measurements are described. Most important advantages and disadvantages of three examples of tonometers (tonometer with transducers array, tonometer with photoplethysmograph sensor and tonometer with pneumatic sensor) are shown. These devices use the pressure compensating principle and have the same operating algorithm. Different ways of algorithm realization are presented, dependent on the type of the used sensor of artery deformation.
Author: Mirosław Werszko, Artur Jędrusyna, Krzysztof Tomczuk;
Ttitle: Tonometer for non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement
ABSTRACT
Design and operation principle of the tonometer for non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurement, developed by authors, are described. The tonometer consists of the pneumatic sensor and the microprocessor-based supplying-processing unit with display. During measurement the sensor is impressed against the patient’s body in the place where an artery with noticeably pulse can be found. After a single press the measurement is complete and the recorded artery pressure waveform and its characteristic parameters are shown on the display. Examples of the recorded waveforms are also given.
Author: Danuta Jasińska –
Choromańska, Ludwik Buczyński, Roman Barczyk;
Ttitle:
Measuring
of quality parameters of convex copies for the blind
ABSTRACT
This paper describes quality parameters of convex copies, methods of its measurement and how test printouts can be made (containing Braille text and convex graphics).
Author: Mirosław Socha, Mariusz Duplaga, Paweł Turcza, Tomasz Zieliński;
Ttitle: Virtual bronchscopy visualisation software supporting transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy
ABSTRACT
Some solutions implemented in the built virtual bronchoscopy system are presented in the paper. Especially interface and visualization software, supporting a doctor during bronchofiberoscopic procedures (e.g. transbronchial needle aspiration) is described in detail in it. The program performs 3-D bronchial tree reconstruction on the base of computer tomography (CT) patient data with the help of VTK visualization library. 2-D synthetic images of multi-plane cross-sections and virtual 3-D (spatial) views of the bronchial tree are generated. On their base a doctor can try to find and localize lung cancer before the procedures and quickly navigate to it with the endoscope during the bronchofiberoscopy. In the second case real endoscopic images are compared with synthetic ones, originated from the CT data.
Author: Marcin Buczaj;
Ttitle: The application of image processing and analysis techniques to aid medical diagnostics of alimentary system
ABSTRACT
Diagnostic examinations aim is identification and recognition of affections. The paper presents the method that enables to improve the quality of displayed images received from endoscopic camera. The paper also presents the assumptions of the method which improves diagnostic examinations through preliminary automatic analysis of the image in order to identify the affections. These methods could be applied without interference into possessed diagnostic equipment.
Author: Aleksander Lamża, Zygmunt Wróbel;
Ttitle: Non-parametric adaptative image segmentation method
ABSTRACT
In this paper the new adaptive segmentation method for monochromatic images is presented. The method does not require giving of the parameters of segmentation – the algorithm adapts internal coefficients in dependence on image features as well as on dynamics of the segmentation process. Results of algorithm performance are presented for different classes of images (real, microscopic and MR-images).
Author: Rafał Bilko, Tadeusz Pałko;
Ttitle: Automatic method for contouring image of the left ventricle in positron emission tomography
ABSTRACT
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can be used for functional imaging of the left ventricle cardiac muscle. Automatic finding of the heart area from the whole data volume can be used to volumetric evaluation of the PET data. Automatic method of the search in the whole data volume for the area where the heart is placed and the method of myocardium contouring are presented.
Author: Przemysław Korohoda, Jacek A. Pietrzyk, Dorota Drożdż, Lidia Krawentek;
Ttitle: Application of bioipedance analysis to urea kinetic medelling-hemodialisys, practical approach
ABSTRACT
The authors describe an experiment yielding measured values followed by the analysis of the obtained results. The procedure has been performed to verify its design aimed at the analysis of much larger amount of data which have been collected within the frame of a project comprising nine largest – according to the number of dialysed patients - pediatric dialysis centres in Poland. In this report results of modelling sessions performed for three selected subjects are presented. The kinetic modelling has been performed with use of one-interval model. Before and after each dialysis session the antropometric parameters and electro-impedance of the patients’ bodies were measured. As a result of the literature study a set of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) formulae has been included in further critical comparative study. Finally, the selected BIA option has been applied in cooperation with an optimization procedure to show, that it is possible to find the values of parameters for the double-interval model, which otherwise is not applicable due to very inconvenient measurement requirements in everyday practice of the dialysis stations – the only way to assess the missing values without BIA is the detailed rebound measurement.
Author: Przemysław Korohoda, Karol Nitsch;
Ttitle: Mutual verification of bioimpedance analysis methods-a study of selected cases
ABSTRACT
The authors describe the concept of mutual verification and conducted comparative research on two selected different approaches to bioimpedance analysis. After the measurements performed for 6 subjects: 3 healthy adults and 3 hemodialyzed children, before and after dialysis, the techniques for analysis with use of both approaches have been formulated. The proposed method is based on the appropriate selection of input parameters values and is verified via comparison of resulting body compartmental volumes. The values obtained with use of both approaches differ within the range of 1% for the average, and 3% for the maximum error, as compared to the body mass. Reference to the data previously published by other authors enables conclusion that from practical point of view the results are in the exact agreement.
Author: Dariusz Kołodziej, Danuta Jasińska-Choromańska;
Ttitle: Forced load states of the bone adhesion in external fixation as a part of the active treatment healing postulates
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the range of the works which are connected with development of the methods of the broken bones treatment process, aided with the external fixation systems.Stabilization systems which are using active elements and the sensors have given better fit of fixation system work according to the demands of the broken biological system. Applying of the mechatronics systems have given ability to continuous diagnostic of the broken bone – fixator system and also gives possibility of influence at the adhesion process coming into being in the healing fracture.
Author: Marcin Binkowski, Andrzej Dyszkiewicz, Zygmunt Wróbel;
Ttitle: The modeling of the trabecular bone tissue with regard of influence of bone surface on the attenuation of X-ray radiation
ABSTRACT
The paper presents a test of computer modeling of attenuation effect of x-ray radiation in the bone tissue, during densitometric examination. The aim of modeling was calculation, to what degree spatial arrangement, structure and dimensions of porous spaces in the spongy bone tissue have influence on the parameter of bone mineral density (BMD). An image, which is produced as a result of x-ray attenuation, has been computed on the grounds of the attenuation law. The simulation enables to define dimensions and space resolution where the experiment will be realized. A model of a sample contains an information about its geometry and density distribution. It can be made as a simple solids or loaded from external source, like files. This method may be useful to load an information about bone microstructure into the simulation space.
A source of x-ray radiation was defined as a plate, which has initial radiation intensity. Rules of radiation propagation were simplified to straight model where radiation propagates in the direction perpendicular to the surface of detector which records an image. The image is generated by computation of partial attenuation for each space elements.
The results of simulation of model of mictrostructure of bone tissue are presented. They can be useful to show when densitometry test does not contain accurate and full information about bone tissue. It may by helpful in the future while searching for reasons of incomplete correlation between mineral density and mechanical strength.
Author: Jarosław Makal, Andrzej Nazarkiewicz, Piotr Orzechowski;
ABSTRACT
In this paper the support system for the process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is presented. Patient, who comes to urologist, has some disturbances in giving back of urine. The aim of diagnosis is to ascertain, whether the BPH causes this symptoms. The bayesian network as the main element of this system is described. It unites knowledge of expert with received data which are obtained in form of questionnaires. The man is an object of measurement and the process of identification means to qualify its essential features from doctor's point of view. The input values of information's converter are the results of anamnesis and investigations. Diagnosis is the result of measurement.
Author: Artur Trybuła, Grzegorz Domański, Robert Kurjata, Zdzisław Pawłowski, Bogumił Konarzewski, Krzysztof Zaremba, Janusz Marzec;
ABSTRACT
Multichannel system for tissue blood supply measurement by optical method has been developed. The device operates in transmission and reflectance mode - mapping and monitoring of the soft tissue blood supply. The preliminary results of phantom study and in vivo tissue blood supply measurement are presented in the article. In the future, after complex calibration procedure, the device will be used for multi-point blood oxygenation measurements.
Author: Michał
Bołtrukiewicz, Anna Cysewska-Sobusiak, Arkadiusz Hulewicz;
Ttitle:
Investigation of a
model of the system for PPG signal generation
ABSTRACT
In the paper, influence of incorrect choice of a model structure on accuracy of the identification procedure is considered. The subject of studies is a hydraulic model of a system generating a pulse waveform which is the major component of a photoplethysmographic signal PPG. This system is simulated by an electrical circuit of identical dynamical properties.
Author: Arkadiusz Hulewicz,
Anna Cysewska-Sobusiak, Andrzej Grzybowski, Michał Bołtrukiewicz;
Ttitle:
Acquisition
and analysis of multifocal electroretinogram
ABSTRACT
The subject of the paper concerns electrophysiological examinations of the human eye. Methods of acquisition and analysis of electroretinograms (ERG) are considered especially. The specialized device and software RETIscan that make possible to obtain a multifocal ERG by simultaneous examination of a response of various retina areas to light input function is described. Examples of multifocal electroretinograms acquired during real patients’ examinations and results of their analysis are shown. A mathematical model that determines the ERG curve of healthy eye retina has been performed. This model may be useful in creation of a base of measurement reference data.
Author: Krzysztof Pacholski, Artur Szczęsny, Anna Jerominko, Andrzej Buczyński;
Ttitle: The laboratory stand to estimation of influence of an electromagnetic field on components of the human's blood
ABSTRACT
The therapy with alternating magnetic field belongs to relatively new and effective forms, of physical methods of treatment. Except positive clinical effects one observers also some negative effects of this therapy. To opinion these effects, presented in the paper the laboratory stand, will be used.
Author: Wojciech Michalski, Marek Kuchta, Krzysztof Fokow;
Ttitle: The experiment concerning the tensometric measurement of mechanic action for numeric simulation of the wing removable partial denture
ABSTRACT
The experimental wing prosthesis in the maxilla, being replica of clinical prosthesis of own construction, has been subject of examination of mechanical reactions by increasing and decreasing static load in the range 0.00 ↔ 17.67[N]. In measurement system for deformations of the chrome-cobalt connectors and displacement of the wing skeletal prosthesis, metal resistance converters TF-1 and TFr-8 (TENMEX) and linear displacement sensor W-10 (HBM) were used. Computer program Catman 3.0 apply to control the calculations for values of 10 measurements per second and the measurement process by means of the amplifier Spider-8 (HBM). It has enabled planning of three-dimensional verifications of the pattern assimilating real conditions in deflections and the space of moving static load of denture construction, assumptions numeric simulation and in confrontation with tensometric experimental prosthesis test results.
Author: Sebastian Biały,
Zygmunt Wróbel;
Ttitle:
Adaptive
tomographic image reconstruction algorithm
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a new method for image reconstruction using adaptive algorithm. Algorithm is described together with comparison to traditional algorithms.
Author: Marcin Masalski, Kazimierz Frączkowski;
Ttitle: Measurement of multiple steady-state responses in evaluation of hearing threshold
ABSTRACT
A prototype system for measurement of multiple steady-state responses (multiple frequency steady-state responses, MF-SSR) was introduced in this paper. Measurement method and technical solutions implemented in the prototype system, that covers functionality of audiogram reconstruction, were presented. Application of multiple steady-state responses in evaluation of hearing threshold and clinical significance of the examination were discussed. The paper contains further research guidelines to reduce time of audiogram reconstruction.